In defense of Islam, you are comparing apples and oranges, a religion to a "nation". Although western civilizations tend to broaden the term, that doesn't make it so. Also, why are you asking in a forum that is predominately republican a topic for democrats to comment on?
... But to humor your points:
"The environment: Liberals are quick to condemn our dependence on fossil fuels in the west. They are quick to decry our environmental atrocities, while failing to hold Islamic countries accountable for the same."
When you claim to be Numero Uno, you don't have much latitude in screwing up.
Secondly, the numbers are: 1/4 of the world's pollution, 1/3 of 1/6 of the world's population the US accounts for. The numbers aren't in your favor.
But of course this means nothing as it is comparison of the US to any and all countries.
"Equal rights: Women are second class citizens in Islamic countries, and homosexuality is justification for murder in many villages, without consequence from the national government."
All US citizens are second class citizens.
Some ethnic groups as well as women are still fighting for true "equality".
"Free Speech: Do I even have to go here?"
Speech is curtailed in the US as well. The question is: how long is the leash?
"Freedom of Religion: There is but one God, Allah, and Mohammed is his messenger."
Since Islam is a religion, that is correct. The same is said for Judaism and Christianity.
"Democracy: virtually nonexistent"
... and the point here is??? Democracy is not a good thing or the best thing.
"Civil Liberties: The Hussein regime in Iraq was a horribly ruthless and oppressive regime. Islamic countries are constantly at the top of Amnesty International's watch lists."
1. It was a civil war.
2. It was supported by the US. Just ask Donald Rumsfeld.
"Fair labor standards: Again, Islamic countries come in on the low end."
Again, when you brag and boast Numero Uno, be wary of the skeletons you carry.
'til dawn...