I have done two things. First, a constructor has a marked ring around it as it flies. so I move a constructor around and see where it covers. In one crowded situation I had three constructors in the area looking for how they could cover everything. It was an interesting little puzzle. Second, I have drawn out the the pentagon pattern that surrounds a single planet on hex paper a few times to get a feel for it. I can now pretty confidently count out and "see" the pattern on the map. I have done the same for a few other key starbase patterns. It helps an awful lot in being able to visualize the patterns fitting onto the map.
All in all, it gets better with practice.