Any advice for the Military- and Civilian-exclusive research achievements?
Military only shouldn't be to hard (thats the way lots of MP games are)! Just skip the volcano & ices, and rush your neighbor on a small map (the smaller the better).
Its been a long time ago, but I think I completed the Civilian only in conjunction with the Go Big (Cap ship only) requirement. With time you can get ahead of the AI by designing better trade chains. Or you could rush the AI on an extremely small map like Point Blank.
Earlier I should have mentioned, that one can save money (cheat) when searching for Artifacts (Planet Bonuses/Space Ponies) by: Save, Surrender, Keep Playing.... perview all of the Artifact locations, then reLoad.