What I have said is that the distribution of wealth is skewed too fare toward one side.
Wealth isn't distributed. In a capitalistic society, wealth is earned. Person A provides Person B with a product or service in exchange for money.
very wealthy for example pays far smaller % of their income to Social Security taxes then the low and middle income workers
Of course. That's because social security is CAPPED. There's only so much you pay in and that's how much gets paid back.
If your annual income is 1 Million dollars you are paying about.6% of your income in Social Security Taxes where a person making $25,000 is paying 6.2%. How is that fair?
What does fairness have to do with it. If I make $1 million and put $60k into a bank aboutn I am putting in .6%. On the other hand, if I make $20k and put in $1000 into the bank then I am putting in 5%. So what is your point?
Social Security is, in theory, supposed to be a retirement plan by the government. If I were emperor, I would do away with it entirely and then no one would have to put anything into it.
The wealthy can pay slightly higher income taxes (like those in effect in the 1990's) with NO adverse impact on their life style. If we have a slight shift in the wealth to the middle and low income working families it would not only help many meet their most basic needs but they would spend almost 100% of that income that was shifted and help the economy.
There are so many things wrong with this statement I'm not sure where to begin.
First, what we pay in has nothing to do with whether we can afford it or not. The government, like the electric company, exists to provide its individual citizens with a service. Stealing one man's earned income to give to another is wrong.
Secondly, you clearly have no idea of what the "rich" do with money. You are correct in that their lifestyles wouldn't change if you taxed them more. That isn't the point. The people with the highest incomes INVEST their money. That's HOW you get rich in the first place. You keep investing your money to make more money. That investment is what creates jobs, opportunity, and new goodies for us to use.
Taxing the rich more won't hurt the rich personally, but it will, in the long-run, hurt everyone else through fewer jobs, a slower increasing in standard of living.
Moreover, the # of Americans who don't have access to "basic needs" is trivial. I've mentioned this before but the poorest 25% of Americans live pretty well on average. Most have DVD players, TVs, Internet access, cars, and a slight majority of them even own their own home. They even get free medical care via Medicaid. But even that's irrelevant. It is not the responsibility of the government to give away other people's earned money to other people.
You basically see the government as something that RULES us. This is completely contrary to what the founding fathers intended. They saw the government as a glorified neighborhood association. For the first hundred years or so, the govenrment only taxed for services rendered.
If you have a seven figure annual income (that would place you in the top 1%) then you paying another 5% in federal Income taxes would not impact you life style. What will impact all of us is the fact we are operating this government at a substantial deficit and have piled up a National Debt of almost $9 Trillion dollars which we must pay interest on EVERY Year. We will be paying $500 Billion PER YEAR in interest. That interest comes from the taxes you and I pay and is money that is not available for other obligations like Social Security and Medicare benefits.
You are correct, it woudn't affect my lifestyle. I'd just have to lay off a worker or two because that's where my excess income goes to -- investing in my business.
I have also pointed out, repeatedly, that it is well known that the budget would be easily balanced if we simply FROZE spending increases for a couple years. No cuts needed. Just quit increasing spending until the tax receipts catch up. The tax recepts of the federal government have nearly doubled since Bush came in. Imagine the surplus we would have if they hadn't increased spending at an even faster rate.
I worked about 40 Years and paid my taxes so my parents and grandparents could receive their Social Security and Medicare.
So you admit social security is a pyramid scheme.
I also work but instead of relying on the government to help my mom, I help her directly financially. Free citizens do not need the government to do the right thing. They do the right thing because they are free people. I'm sorry you need the government to intercede for to take care of your parents and grandparents.
Take a look at this graph from the CBO:

Historically, the federal government was only confiscating around 18% of the generated wealth of the country.
But by the end of the Clinton administration (thanks to the Internet bubble) it was over 20%. Most conservatives, such as myself would like to see that number around 15%.
The recession and tax cuts brought it down to 16%. It's back to 17% and trending to reach 18% by 2010.
Your basic problem is that you have no understanding of economics. You think if we just raise taxes everything will be fine. But that's not how it works. If you raise taxes, you are simply shifting wealth from the private sector into the public sector. And who has a better track record of producing wealth? People like me or some clueless politican in Washington?
Moreover, even if you raised taxes the 40% needed on the wealth to balance the budget next year, it would only be a temporary solution. In other countries, the government represents up to 30% of the GDP and guess what? They have debts too. Governments will always spend what they get because they have an incentive to do so.
That is why the tax recepts and spending receipts aren't a good measure of what our tax rate should be. The real question is, what % of our economy do we want the government confiscating. Once you make that decision, then it's just a matter of the government living within its needs and making sure enough taxes are being collected to meet that number.

Look closely at this graph, Gene. The government's tax income today is the same as it was when Bush came in. Yet we have these scary deficits you mention. So what is the cause then? Spending. We increased spending across the board:

You see the problem? Since Bush came in, spending just went berzerk. And it's not because of the Iraq war alone. The government went on a spending spree.
So to sum up:
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Rich people are rich because they invest their money.
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If you tax the rich more, it won't affect their lifestyle but it will mean they have less to invest (look at how quickly the economy jumped back largely thanks to the tax cuts).
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If the rich invest less, people lose jobs.
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It is immoral IMO to advocate that the government should confiscate money from one person to hand to another who provided no service to the original person.
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Tax rates and spending levels are the wrong metric. It's what % of the economy you want the government to be involved in.
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We have a deficit today because we increased spending.
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Tax cuts are why the economy grew so fast after the recession.